GEORGIANS BELTED BY AGGRESSIVE BLACK SHANK

Where did this aggressive black shank come from?
asks pathologist Paul Bertrand. 

Black shank rose up "with a vengeance" in Georgia and Florida in the last month, says J. Michael Moore, Extension tobacco specialist for the two states. "We are seeing it in some fields where we wouldn't expect it--fields with a good rotation and even some fields that hadn't had tobacco in years," says Moore. A good example: The Ben Smith farm in Coffee County, Ga., which Paul Bertrand, Georgia plant pathologist, said was struck by "the most aggressive black shank we have ever seen (see photo above). The field had been in pecan trees for the last half century, with pasture surrounding the trees. The trees were removed and what was believed to be the first tobacco crop ever grown in this field was planted in 2013. The second was planted in 2014, but it didn't last long. The damage was so bad that the farmer has disced it up since this picture was taken on June 11.  

A further explanation of how to treat black shank in burley. Editor's Note--The following item appeared in a shorter form in the last issue of Tobacco Farmer Newsletter. Since then, I have received a corrected and extended version of the same piece from the original source, former Extension plant pathologist in Kentucky Kenny Seebold. Since it contains good additional information, I am going to run the amended version here. Apologies for the duplications: "Where black shank has been a problem in the past, consider making a pre-plant application of Ridomil Gold at a half pint per acre if applied in setter-water or one pint per acre if applied as a broadcast spray to soil. This would be the same as a half quart per acre of Ultra Flourish or four to six quarts of MetaStar. For light-to-moderate disease pressure, the first application of fungicide can be delayed one to two weeks after transplanting. For extended control of black shank, make a supplemental fungicide application (one pint of Ridomil, one quart of Ultra Flourish, or two quarts of MetaStar) at layby or at first cultivation and again at layby. Sprays made after transplanting should be directed toward the soil and incorporated immediately by cultivation or irrigation. An inch or two of rain will also incorporate these products. Best results are generally obtained when resistant varieties are planted."

Price outlook holding: Unless flue-cured acreage is up much more than expected or unless the growing season is poor, the price for the current flue-cured crop should remain strong, says N.C. Extension economist Blake Brown. But it probably not as strong as in 2013, when the average price was estimated by USDA at $2.115 a pound. The March Planting Intentions report projected 232,000 acres, up 3,500 acres from the 228,800 acre 2013 crop. Based on past experience, that may be a low projection. "In previous years, planting intentions were as much as 10,000 acres below the actual crop acreage for the year in question," says Brown. But the supply of transplants may not have been adequate to support a much larger crop.

  

The plant shortage never materialized in Kentucky. "Even now, from what I am hearing, you can still find plants available if you need them," says Bob Pearce, Kentucky Extension tobacco specialist. But not many do--85 percent or perhaps 90 percent of the state's burley has been seeded already. The crop has gotten off to a good start, but because of cloudy days, there has been some early blooming. "I think we might see some more," Pearce says.

There was definitely a shortage of plants in Georgia and Florida. "We saw quite a scramble at the end," says Moore. "All ours were set, and the last plants that went in were from North Carolina. But I think nearly everybody was able to plant the acres they wanted to." He makes a very rough estimate of 15,000 acres planted in Georgia and 1,500 acres in Florida. The crop started out about two weeks behind in both states but has caught up by at least half a week. He expects harvest to begin in 2 ½ weeks.

Planting in the N.C. Piedmont appears complete. "I don't know anyone who is not done planting," says Dennis White, owner of the Old Belt Tobacco Sales auction warehouse in Rural Hall, N.C. "There weren't many plants to spare but everyone was able to plant the acres they wanted." So far, the tobacco looks good, he says. Some of it was laid by last week.

  

Spotted wilt infestations are much higher in Georgia and Florida than predicted considering the cold winter. Says Moore, "It defies logic to have so much TSWV after such cold weather. I would place the average infestation now at 15 to 20 percent of the plants." That is not the worst incidence of spotted wilt Type 14 tobacco has ever had. "But it certainly was a surprise," says Moore.

Position changes: Kenny Seebold (see earlier item) has left his longtime post as Kentucky Extension plant pathologist and is now working as product development manager for the fungicide line of Valent USA...Jeff Vice is now the tobacco specialist for the Burley Tobacco Growers Cooperative Association. He will be responsible for grading and purchasing of burley with the goal of increasing the amount of tobacco purchased and expanding marketing to the trade. Vice is definitely an old hand in the leaf business--he has 38 years experience, starting with Universal Leaf and later with Philip Morris USA/Altria.

If you are hand weeding tobacco, pull the weeds from the soil before set occurs, says Matthew Vann, N.C. Extension tobacco specialist. "Once weed seed develop, you can actually spread them by hand removal." He also recommends that once you pull the weeds, you remove them from the field. "In rare situations, weeds such as grass and amaranth species have been known to 're-root' when left on the soil surface," he says.

Dates to remember:

• June 26, 8 a.m. Tobacco Field Day. UT Highland Rim Ag Research and Education Center Springfield, Tn. Contacts: Barry Sims at 615-382-3130 or bsims@utk.edu.
• July 14-15. N.C. Tobacco Tour. Tuesday: Opening dinner, 6 p.m. Wednesday: Tour Upper Coastal Plain Research Station, Rocky Mt., N.C. Further events to follow. 
• July 30, 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. Virginia Tobacco Field Day. Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, Va. Contact: Margaret Kenny, 434-292-5331 or  makenny@vt.edu.
• July 31, 7:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Grains and Tobacco Field Day. UK REC, Princeton, Ky. Contact: 270-365-7541 ext 264.
• August 7, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Tobacco Twilight Tour, Murray State University West Farm, Murray, Ky. Contact: Andy Bailey, tobacco specialist, at 270-365-7541 ext. 240.

BIG M TOBACCO WAREHOUSE 

1723 Goldsboro St. SW, Wilson, N.C., 

in the old Liberty Warehouse

Greg Goins is the auctioneer at Big M Warehouse.

We will hold both sealed bid auctions

and live auctions.

We promise 

HONEST AND TRUSTWORTHY 

SERVICE

For more information, contact Mann Mullen at 919-496-9033 

or the warehouse switchboard at 252-206-1447.

Email: shrimpmann@embarqmail.com.

BLACK SHANK BUSTS OUT IN GEORGIA, THRIPS IN N.C.

A flue-cured grower near Four Oaks, N.C., raises dust as he cultivates his tobacco on June 2.  REPORTS FROM THE FIELD June 4, 2014 FLUE-CURED   In North Carolina, transplanting is nearly complete, says Loren Fisher, N.C. Extension tobacco specialist. "A few farms are still transplanting in the Piedmont. I expect they will finish this week. Layby is just beginning  Inspecting for thrips: Loren Fisher (left), N.C. Extension tobacco specialist, checks young flue-cured tobacco for thrips at the N.C. Central Crops Research Station in Clayton, N.C., at a field day on June 2. Looking on are TGANC executive Graham Boyd (standing), and farmer Bennie Lee, Sanford, N.C. in the East." The supply of plants was tight but most intended acres were planted, he says. But there may be more late-set plants out there this year than the state has ever had, says Graham Boyd, executive vice president of the Tobacco Growers Association of N.C. "There were significant plantings with plants from re-seeded greenhouses." Fisher says that based on research, there is not much reason to expect a yield reduction on plants set before May 24. But a hot June could cause problems... In Virginia, the flue-cured crop has gotten off to a good start, says David Reed, Virginia Extension tobacco specialist. A few growers are still transplanting while some of the earliest will be laid by this week. Transplanting is probably 98 percent complete. Plant supply was tight but most growers managed to find available transplants, says Reed. "Very few acres will be left unplanted"... In South Carolina, Georgetown County Extension agent Kyle Daniel said in a June 2 report that "tobacco is really starting to look better and better as warmer weather and good moisture is allowing the crop to grow at a steady pace"... In Georgia, black shank is a problem. One farmer reported 80 percent black shank in an 11-acre field that had only been in tobacco one year (2013) out of the last 100. "We don't know how the inoculum got in there," says Moore. "In recent years, it had been in pastures and pecan trees." Fortunately, it is not that intense for most of the state, but black shank is above normal, he says. "The reason is probably that we had a lot of weather events after planting that involved excessive rain, then drying." Roots and stems were injured, allowing the black shank pathogen to enter the plant. Some plants collapsed without ever yellowing.  BURLEY:  In Kentucky, Kenny Seebold, until recently Extension plant pathologist, suggests that where black shank has been a problem in the past, consider making a pre-plant application of Ridomil Gold at a half pint per acre if applied in setter water, or one pint per acre if applied as a broadcast spray to soil. This would equal a half quart per acre of Ultra Flourish or four to six quarts of MetaStar. If the disease pressure is light to moderate, you can delay the first application one to two weeks. For extended control of black shank, make a supplemental fungicide application (one pint of Ridomil Gold or one quart of Ultra Flourish, or two quarts of MetaStar) at lay by, or at first cultivation and again at lay by Best results are generally obtained when resistant varieties are planted. In middle Tennessee, Extension agent Jason Evitts in Trousdale County said in a June 2 report, "It has been a great couple of weeks, and tobacco transplanting has caught up from a late start. But tobacco already transplanted could use some rain"... In southwest Virginia, there will be a shortage of burley plants because fewer farmers are growing plants. "Most of the growers who sell plants have sold out already," says Danny Peek, Virginia District Extension director in Abingdon, Va. "If anything goes wrong that requires replanting, our supply could turn out way short." DARK: What's out looks good, says Andy Bailey, Extension dark tobacco specialist stationed in Princeton, Ky. "Maybe 35 to 45 percent of the dark crop in Kentucky and Tennessee has been set. Farmers got off to a good start when the first 10 days of May were warm and dry." All the early plantings for double curing are out now, and the second crop will start going out soon, probably next week. As of now, there doesn't seem to be a shortage of plants, Bailey says. OUTSIDE THE U.S... Transplanting in Canada got going in earnest last week, which is a little late, a source in Ontario tells TFN. "We are about a week behind schedule," he said. "The weather has been cold and cloudy, and we have had more than our fair share of precipitation. Transplant quality and supply seem to be quite good." He doesn't see any of the problems with plants that so many American farmers are experiencing. "Over 95 percent of the greenhouses here have furnaces, so our plants are nice--but expensive," he says. He expected setting to be going at full speed by now. Almost all Canada tobacco is flue-cured grown in southern Ontario. In other tobacco developments:  Unusually large numbers of thrips are appearing on flue-cured tobacco in North Carolina. Counts between 30 and 50 thrips per leaf are common, and some classic "silver-leafing" foliar damage, which is caused by thrips' rasping the upper leaf surface, has been seen. Hannah Burrack, N.C. Extension entomologist, says, "The current thrips are likely the third generation, and if so they arrived about as predicted. The fourth generation flight (in Wilson County) is expected to begin around June 10, so we may observe additional thrips populations there soon." Also, some of the winter annual weeds that are overwinter hosts to thrips seem to be dying off at fast pace now, forcing thrips to find a new host. Nevertheless, Burrack does not recommend spraying of thrips at this time. "The foliar feeding damage by thrips now is likely negligible," she says. "It is occurring early in the season on leaves that will be on the lower part of the plant and subject to much more abuse before harvest." Foliar treatments are generally not very effective against thrips because they are not persistent and are difficult to time, she adds. Read the N.C. State recommendations at TSWV Risk and Thrips Forecasting Tool.  A tobacco landmark changes hands: The historic Reynolds Building has been sold by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to a  The Reynolds Building company that will convert it into a hotel, restaurant and upscale apartments. Located in downtown Winston-Salem, N.C., the 22-story building was completed in 1929, and with its strong resemblance to the Empire State Building (built by the same architectural team), it has been an imposing fixture on the city's skyline ever since. A statement from RJRT said the new owners are expected to honor its place in the community as they transform it to its new use. The parent company, Reynolds American, decided that the building was expendable in 2008.    Dates to remember:  June 9, 7 p.m. Georgia-Florida Tobacco Tour, begins with a supper in Live Oak, Fl., and end near Baxley, Ga., after lunch on June 11. Contact: J. Michael Moore at 229-392-6424. June 26, 8 a.m. Tobacco Field Day. UT Highland Rim AgResearch and Education Center Springfield, Contact: Barry Sims 615 382 3130 or bsims@utk.edu. July 14-15. N.C. Tobacco Tour. Details to follow.  July 30, 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. Virginia Tobacco Field Day. Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, Va. Contact: Margaret Kenny, 434 292 5331 or makenny@vt.edu. July 31, 7:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Grains and Tobacco Field Day. UK REC, Princeton, Ky. Contact: 270-365-7541 ext 264. August 7, 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Tobacco Twilight Tour, Murray State University West Farm, Murray, Ky. Contact: Andy Bailey, tobacco specialist, at 270-365-7541 ext. 240. Edited by Chris Bickers, Raleigh, N.C., Phone 919 789 4631 or email chrisbickers@gmail.com.  BIG M TOBACCO WAREHOUSE  1723 Goldsboro St. SW, Wilson, N.C.,  in the old Liberty Warehouse     Greg Goins is the auctioneer at Big M Warehouse.   We will hold both sealed bid auctions and live auctions.     We promise  HONEST AND TRUSTWORTHY  SERVICE     For more information, contact Mann Mullen at 919-496-9033  or the warehouse switchboard at 252-206-1447. Email: shrimpmann@embarqmail.com.